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Guides / Firearm competency certificate explained

Firearm competency certificate explained

The training, the SAPS 517 application, how long it lasts and how to renew it.

Checked against the Act on 9 November 2026. This guide explains the law in plain words; it isn't legal advice.

You need a competency certificate before SAPS will issue any firearm licence (section 6(2)). It shows you know the law and can handle that kind of firearm safely.

  1. Step 1Accredited trainer1–2 days
    Train

    Knowledge test on the Act, plus a practical test for each firearm type.

  2. Step 2SAPS
    Apply

    SAPS 517 at your police station: ID, training certificate, two photos, fingerprints.

  3. Step 3SAPSWeeks to months
    Background check

    SAPS checks that you're fit and proper.

  4. Step 4You
    Certificate issued

    Now you can apply for a licence.

  5. Step 5Later
    Renew it with your licence

    SAPS 517(g), at the same time as the licence renewal.

Practise for the theory firstTry our free Firearms Control Act practice test and the safe handling test before your course.

Step 1: Training

Do a course with an accredited training provider. It covers:

  • the Firearms Control Act (a knowledge test)
  • safe handling, with a practical test for each kind of firearm: handgun, rifle, shotgun or self-loading rifle

You get a training certificate for each test you pass. Your competency certificate lists every type you’ve passed (section 10(1)(b)), so if you might want a rifle later, it’s worth doing both at once.

Step 2: Apply to SAPS

Apply on form SAPS 517 at the police station for the area where you live. Bring:

  • your ID
  • your original training certificate
  • two colour passport photos

Your fingerprints are taken at the station. You must be 21 or older, a citizen or permanent resident, and “fit and proper” (section 9). See who can apply.

How long it’s valid

The Act says a competency certificate is valid for the same period as the licence it relates to (section 10(2)). In practice SAPS reads this as 5 years for a section 13 self-defence licence and 10 years for section 15 and 16 licences.

How this applies when you don’t (yet) hold a licence for that firearm type isn’t settled, and associations such as Natshoot dispute parts of SAPS’s reading. If you’re unsure, ask your trainer or association.

Renewing it

Renew your competency together with the renewal of the licence it relates to (section 10A), on form SAPS 517(g). Bring:

  • a certified copy of your ID
  • a copy of your current competency certificate (front and back)
  • two photos

You declare under oath that you still meet the requirements. You don’t have to redo the training or tests unless SAPS asks for it on good grounds (section 10A(7)).

Next stepOnce you have your competency certificate, you can apply for the licence. See the full process.